How does Kaspa's posterity upgrade affect block validation performance?

Kaspa's posterity upgrade adds one extra computation step to block validation: calculating a Merkle root over a small tree of chain blocks, which requires at most 2×logN−1 hash operations. At a selected chain growth rate of one block per second, that works out to about 32 hashes per second; even at ten blocks per second it stays below 400 hashes per second. Because Kaspa uses blake2 — a fast, efficient hash function — this extra workload is imperceptible on any modern CPU, and the upgrade's authors note it remains negligible even on very weak hardware. For anyone running or planning to run a Kaspa node, the practical takeaway is that this upgrade does not meaningfully raise the hardware requirements.