How does GHOSTDAG limit the risk of too many parallel blocks?

GHOSTDAG uses a mathematical parameter called δ (delta), set to 0.01, to keep the number of unordered parallel blocks under control. In a network producing 10 blocks per second, geographic delays mean many blocks get created before they can 'see' each other — these unordered side-by-side blocks are called anticones. If too many accumulate, reaching consensus becomes harder. By setting δ = 0.01, GHOSTDAG ensures there is less than a 1% probability that the anticone around any block exceeds a threshold called k, keeping the block-DAG structured enough for the network to agree on a single transaction history. For a beginner, this matters because it is the guardrail that lets Kaspa run at high speed without the network losing its ability to agree on what happened.

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